License GuideSOC 29-1123

Physical Therapist
License.

Physical therapists help patients recover from injury and illness by improving their ability to move and function. They evaluate each patient's condition, then design and carry out treatment plans using exercises, manual therapy, and specialized equipment. During sessions, they guide patients through movements to reduce pain, build strength, and restore mobility. They monitor progress, adjust treatments as needed, and teach patients exercises to continue at home. Many work with athletes, post-surgery patients, and people managing chronic conditions.

At a Glance

Everything a Physical Therapist needs to know.

The Work
What you actually do

Licensed physical therapists are regulated at the state level. Every state sets its own education, exam, and experience requirements.

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Physical therapists help patients recover from injury and illness by improving their ability to move and function. They evaluate each patient's condition, then design and carry out treatment plans using exercises, manual therapy, and specialized equipment. During sessions, they guide patients through movements to reduce pain, build strength, and restore mobility. They monitor progress, adjust treatments as needed, and teach patients exercises to continue at home. Many work with athletes, post-surgery patients, and people managing chronic conditions.

The Exam
Two-part proctored test

The national board exam for physical therapists is the uniform test most states accept. Many states add a jurisprudence exam on state statute.

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You'll take a licensing exam with two components. The national section covers core physical therapy knowledge and appears on exams across all states. Your state adds its own section on local laws and regulations. Most states contract with testing companies like PSI, Pearson VUE, or Prometric to administer the exam. You'll need to pass both portions to earn your license. The exact passing score and question count vary by state, so check your state board's requirements before test day.

Renewal
Keeping it active

Continuing education is required between renewals in every state. Most boards require a mix of general CE and topic-specific units like ethics, patient safety, or opioid prescribing.

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Physical therapist licensing requires continuing education in most states. Your state board sets the hour requirement for each renewal cycle. You'll typically need courses in ethics and state regulations. Check your specific state board for exact credit hours and approved providers.

Is This For You
Who fits this career

Strong candidates for the physical therapist role combine the technical knowledge tested on the exam with judgment and communication skills you build through supervised experience.

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You'll need more than textbook knowledge to succeed as a physical therapist. The exam covers the science, but your real toolkit develops through practice. You'll spend hours with patients explaining what's wrong, why treatment matters, and how they fit into their own recovery. You make judgment calls constantly: when to push harder, when to back off, which approach will work for this specific person. That blend of technical precision and people skills separates competent therapists from great ones.

Unlicensed Risk
Practicing without a license

Practicing as a physical therapist without an active license is illegal in every state. Typical penalties include civil fines, forfeited income, and in some states criminal charges on repeat offenses.

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Practicing physical therapy without an active license violates state law across the country. Unlicensed practitioners face civil fines and must return any income earned from treatments. States may impose criminal penalties for repeat violations, though sentences are typically brief. The specific consequences depend on state regulations and the circumstances of the violation.

Career Outlook
+12.6% projected

Employment change 2024 to 2034. Flagged as a bright-outlook occupation.

The Path

How to Get a Physical Therapist License.

Getting licensed takes you through five main steps across most states. You'll complete accredited education, then pass a national or state exam. Next comes supervised experience on the job. A background check verifies your record. Finally, you maintain your license by completing continuing education before each renewal. The exact requirements shift by state. Some demand specific hour minimums, degree levels, or years of experience. Check your state's rules first.

1
Meet minimum education
Most states require graduation from an accredited physical therapist program. Degree level and accreditation body vary by profession.
2
Complete supervised clinical hours
Boards set required supervised practice hours under a licensed supervisor. Hours are logged, verified, and submitted with your application.
3
Pass the national board exam
The national certification exam for physical therapists is the uniform knowledge test most states accept. Some states add a jurisprudence exam on local statute.
4
Submit fingerprints and background check
Most boards collect electronic fingerprints through IdentoGO, Fieldprint, or a similar vendor and run a state and federal background check.
5
Apply for the license
Submit the state application with transcripts, exam scores, experience verification, and fees. Processing runs a few days to several months depending on state and board.
6
Pay fees and activate
Once approved, you pay the initial license fee, post any required bond or insurance, and the state issues your license number.
7
Track renewals and continuing education
Most licenses renew every one to three years with a set amount of continuing education. Missing CE or renewal deadlines risks license inactivation.
Timeline

How long it takes.

Background check and exam scheduling
2 to 6 weeks
License issuance after passing
Few days to several weeks
State processing times vary widely.
Cost Breakdown

What it costs out of pocket.

Required education
Degree program at an accredited institution. Varies massively by degree level.
$30,000 to $250,000
Application and license fee
Paid to the state board at submission. Varies widely by state.
$50 to $500
Fingerprint and background check
Flat vendor fee set by the state.
$40 to $120
Exam fee
Paid to the testing vendor when you schedule.
$50 to $400
Professional liability insurance
Annual policy. Required or strongly recommended in most states.
$300 to $2,500
DEA registration
Federal fee, three-year term. Required only for prescribers.
$0 to $900
Compensation

What Physical Therapists Earn.

National hourly wage by percentile.

Bottom 10%
$35.78/hr
25th percentile
$40.13/hr
Median
$48.57/hr
75th percentile
$56.34/hr
Top 10%
$63.70/hr
Resources

Where to train, certify, and connect.

Optional next steps once your Physical Therapist license is active.

Advanced
Board Certified Polarity Practitioner
American Polarity Therapy Association
Specialty
Technician Certification in Neurofeedback
Biofeedback Certification International Alliance
Specialty
Clinical Electrophysiologic Physical Therapy Specialist
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
Specialty
Board Certified in Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction Biofeedback
Biofeedback Certification International Alliance
Specialty
Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction Biofeedback Entry Level Certification
Biofeedback Certification International Alliance
Core
National Physical Therapist Examination
Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy
Specialty
Oncology Physical Therapy Specialist Certification
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
Specialty
Geriatric Physical Therapy Specialist
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
Specialty
Sports Physical Therapy Specialist
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
Specialty
Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist
National Strength and Conditioning Association - Certification Commission
Specialty
Certified Wound Specialist
American Board of Wound Management
Specialty
Technician Certification in Biofeedback
Biofeedback Certification International Alliance
State vs State

Compare any two states.

Pre-license hours and fees vary widely. Pick two states to see the gap.

Left
Right
Varies
Pre-license hours
Varies
Varies
Exam fee
Varies
Varies
License fee
Varies
Physical Therapy Board of California
Issuing board
Texas Optometry Board
Frequently Asked

Questions people ask.

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